With flight tests set for the next year, we look forward to their ongoing work with AQUIFER and the X-57 Maxwell. If we maintained Reynolds by decreasing chord as airspeed increased the structural requirements for the materials became an issue. Problem 1 - the motor obstructs water flow and the thrust is asymmetric forward/reverse. They were highly efficient. One item of connected interest was his work on the GL-10 Greased Lightning project. Alternative windings are investigated to assess the possibilities of decoupling the rotors so that they run independently. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. A Rim-drive propeller reverses the normal geometry of a hub-driven prop. Boats use rim-drive thrusters to help with docking and other close-in maneuvers, and reported in this blog last year. NASA explains the hopes for the combined systems as providing safe, non-flammable power that reduces system losses, eliminates emissions and arcing, and reduces cooling and cabling requirements. Your editor asked Robert McSwain about the reversed (or inversed) Reynold numbers that would come with the wider part of the propeller blades being in the fastest part of the airstream. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Required fields are marked *. As far back as 1957 a mechanically rim driven ships propeller .
Aquifer: Flow Batteries and Rim-driven Motors, Jason has performed a varied set of investigations, Nano Electrofuel (NEF) Aqueous Flow Battery, Black-silicon Cell Efficiency above 130 Percent, NAWA’s Straight Line Electrode to More Power. One possible benefit of this type of design is that tip losses would be reduced or eliminated, the tip being “capped” by the rim and surrounding structure. Robert followed with a technical description of the Nano Electrofuel (NEF) Aqueous Flow Battery and Rim-driven Motor (RDM). The motor has an inner and outer rotor with a stator in between which is toroidally-wound or axially-wound with inner and outer slotted stator surfaces. People like Jack Norris and Paul Lipps taper their propellers to the narrowest chord at the outer portion, partly to maintain fairly constant Reynolds numbers along the propeller length. The more recent podded drives consist of a conventional propeller which is arranged together with a conventional electric motor into an azimuthable gondola under water.
studied here.
The stator of the electric motor is integrated into the tunnel and the thruster blades are fastened to the inside of the rotor.
Test results basically correspond to the requirement of technical indexes. Presenting at the Sustainable Aviation Symposium 2019 at UC Berkeley,Robert McSwain and Jason Lechniak detailed their AQUIFER Project, currently underway in the NASA Armstrong Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base. Reliable, compact rim-driven thrusters for many applications. Gen 2 will rise to 200mA/cm2 with a pack-level specific energy of 530 Wh/kg (for an X-57 reference craft). In a highly unusual approach, two NASA researchers have combined a flow battery system with a rim-driven propeller drive system.
Paul Lipps took Jack Norris’ advice and designed props with highly tapered blades to maintain reasonably constant Rn.
Another interesting feature for the RDF includes the root being on the rim, the root now has to deal with compression instead of tension. His PowerPoint presentation on comparisons between “Manned Versus Unmanned Risk and Complexity Considerations for Future Midsized X-planes” is worth a look. 3D time-stepped finite element analysis (FEA) is employed (JMAG) to verify the designs.
A prototype is made and tested to evaluate the performance. NASA will develop the NEF battery chemistry in two steps. The nano-electric fluid energy charge-use-recharge cycle is presented using renewable energy input from solar, wind, and hydroelectricity.”, NASA has worked with Influit Energy on the creation of nano flow-cell batteries.
“AQUIFER establishes technical feasibility of an early-stage technology, a high-energy density, aqueous-based, flow battery, resulting in a near-term increase of 1.7 times range over an all-electric battery, while retiring fire and explosion hazards associated with lithium-based chemistries. We will have to see how actual tests either verify the original calculations or lead to changes in the design. Basically it consists of a propeller rotating within a nozzle, which has an integrated downstream stator. Both Robert and Jason currently work on the X-57 project, but each has a range of experiences that have led to their current assignments.
NASA’s illustrations show a very thin chord (disappearing to a point) at the center of the propeller and a wide chord at the outer limit, or rim. This presents an opportunity for the further exploitation of low-carbon electrical propulsion designs and technologies, such as the rim-driven propulsors (RDPs). In the final section a new and novel arrangement is described where one toriodal 3-phase winding set is used to control two rotors, one inner and one outer, of different pole number. The rim-driven thruster is a marine propeller which does not need a hub for transmission of the driving torque. The X-56A “MUTT” (Multi-Utility Technology Testbed) flies a research flight in the skies above Edwards Air Force Base. The concept of the RDP is entirely different. The motor of the conventional pods is encased within a pod (hence the name) on the same shaft as the propeller. Gen 1 chemistry is slated to enable 100 milli-Amps per square centimeter with a pack-level specific energy of 125 Watt-hours per kilogram and 350 Watt-hours per liter. Robert has over five years with NASA and is now a co-principal researcher on the AQUIFER project. One benefit of NEF is the ability to simultaneously achieve high energy density and high power density based on the solubility limits of the redox (reduction-oxidation) compounds used. Your editor found 2017 NASA award interesting, for the “Smartest Failure” (along with others) on the X-56 project. Brunvoll Rim Driven Thruster saves space and energy, offering higher propeller efficiency and lower environmental impact with exceptionally low noise.
Similarly, Franco Sbarro designed a hubless wheel for motorcycles and automobiles in 1989. When successful, the technology provides an improved safety energy storage solution for emission-free electric propulsion in commercial aviation.”, A paper on the project informs, “The Energy Economy of the project concept is presented as a potential renewable or green energy [sustainability] for utilizing in-place infrastructure. The power sharing on the two rotors is designed to meet the requirement of the condenser and evaporator. That involved a highly flexible airframe used to test the limits of aeroelasticity on high-aspect ratio wings.
The “optimal” RDF design for our thrust and airspeed design conditions is still not known, but we have tried to use this first design iteration to support our prediction/design tools.
One thing piqued your editor’s interest about the RDM, though. Conventional propellers need a shaft line which is driven by a turbine, a diesel engine or an electric motor. It converts electric power directly into propulsion - without transmission losses or noise caused by a gearbox. Your email address will not be published.
He responded, “…This was one of the design challenges in the Rim Driven Fan. Instead of being driven from the centrally-located hub, the propeller is pushed by a drive around its rim.
Since then, the implementation of electrical .
The SCHOTTEL Rim Thruster is a quiet, space- and weight-saving drive. I hope with future work we can determine an “optimal” design vetted with proven design/prediction tools.”. RDPs are a novel and emerging electrical propulsion system that integrate an electric motor within a ducted propeller, resulting in a compact, electrically-driven propulsion package. rim drives has become popular in marine applications and now . Instead of being driven from the centrally-located hub, the propeller is pushed by a drive around its rim.
Conventional thrusters attach a propeller to a conventional electric motor repackaged for submerged use. Dean Sigler 01/08/2020 Batteries, Electric Powerplants, SAS, Sustainable Aviation Leave a Comment. Rim-Driven Propeller (RDM) A Rim-drive propeller reverses the normal geometry of a hub-driven prop. NASA’s GL-10 Greased Lightning at Langley Research Center (LaRC). Boats use rim-drive thrusters to help with docking and other … This would be for a four-passenger aircraft in the X-57 Maxwell size and weight range. We considered this a design trade for our team between aerodynamic efficiency and structures. All Rights Reserved. Jason has performed a varied set of investigations for NASA, outlined in his background for SAS 2019.
Later research led to an improved airframe which overcame the problems and exceeded those limits. m hinge moment; the system bandwidth can reach 25.3Hz on the condition of no load and 23.4Hz on the condition of load; maximum rotational speed of output shafts is greater than 250°/s. This point you reference was an example of the very unique and interesting design challenges associated with the RDF. It is proved that this analysis and design method is congruent with the design of micro-electromechanical actuators, thus the method is feasible.
Copyright 2015 Sustainable Aviation Foundation The design is tested using FEA solutions and the initial results indicate that this machine could operate successfully.
The… flow battery will be integrated with a rim-driven motor (RDM) as a multi-functional design to eliminate conductive EMI and weight from long cable runs, and provide liquid cooling from the aqueous fuel. Franco Sbarro’s 1989 hubless wheels on a futuristic motorcycle. Your email address will not be published. On Day Two of the Symposium, Jason headed the presentation with a discussion of the implications of this and McSwain’s work on overall energy economy and NASA eVTOL discoveries. For comparison, George Bye of Bye Aerospace reports that lithium-ion packs in his eFlyer 2 are now at 260 Wh/kg. Aerodynamic and Acoustic Performance of a Rim Driven Thruster, A Review of Electrical Motor Topologies for Aircraft Propulsion, Review of Electrically Powered Propulsion for Aircraft, Curriculum Development of Undergraduate and Post Graduate Courses on Small Unmanned Aircraft, Adaptive Control of Magnetorheological Fluid Damper, Stabilizing quadrotor altitude and attitude through speed and torque control of BLDC motors, Marks Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers, Design of Brushless Permanent Magnet Motors, PIezo Electric Effects of Strand Carbon Fibre, The computational aspects of estimating the efficiency of wireless networks' topology, Instrumentation for efficiencies of electric drive systems, Development of Automatic Inspection Robot for Live-line Insulators, Design and analysis of power system of micro-electromechanical actuator, Different Arrangements for Dual-Rotor Dual-Output Radial-Flux Motors, Conference: 7th International Conference on Internet Technologies and Applications.
NASA is striving to achieve a specific energy density of 600 Watt-hours per kilogram at the system level.
was proposed [4].
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