-gene, -genesis, -genetic, -genicDenoting production, originAngiogenesisBlood vessel originThe development of blood vessels In order to look at the structure of some of the parts or organs of the body it may be necessary to cut them open or even make thin slices of them that they can be examined under the microscope. Myx-, myxo-Pertaining to mucusMyxovirusSynonym for influenza virus (mucus virus) Un-Not, reversalUnconsciousNot consciousNot conscious Toxico-, toxo-Denoting poisonToxicology The study of poisons vivi-Denoting aliveViviparousGiving birth to living young which develop within the maternal body Anomalo-Denoting irregularityAnomalyAn irregular finding Cyano-Dark blueCyanobacteriaPhotosynthesizing bacteria esp. Py-, pyo-Denoting pusPyonephritisInfection in the kidneys Hypo-Below, deficientHypothyroidDeficient thyroidDeficient thyroid gland activity Myc-, mycet-Denoting a fungusMycoticPertaining to fungus like appearance Ovari-, ovario-Pertaining to the ovaryOvariohysterectomyRemoval of the ovaries and uterusSurgical removal of the ovaries and uterus Combining vowel links root words to root words or suffixes (usually o) -emiaBlood conditionLipemiaFat in the bloodAn excess of lipids in the blood Amb-, ambi-BothAmbidextrousBoth rightHaving the ability to work effectively with either hand Cranial pertaining to the head or cranium Dactylo-Relating to digitsPolydactylyMany digits (i.e. Viscero-Denoting the organs of the bodyVisceral Pertaining to the surface of the internal organs Acute fetlock sprains are usually associated with heat, swelling, pain, and accordingly lameness. Veno-Denoting a veinVenipunctureSurgical puncture a vein Medi-MiddleMediastinumMiddle of the sternumThe membranes that separate the thorax into right and left at the sternum and vertebral column MuscleMyo- caudal surface of … -itisInflammationPancreatitisInflammation of the pancreasInflammation of the pancreas Digital neurectomy has a high incidence of severe complications such as painful neuroma formation and rupture of the deep digital flexor tendon. act of rotating the limb or body part so that the palmar surface is turned downward Ipsi-Meaning selfIpsilateralOn the same side Exo-Outside of, outwardExogenousPertaining to outward productionOriginating outside or caused by factors outside the organism Optico-Relating to visionOpticalPertaining to the ability to see Lacto-Relating to milkAgalactiaNot producing milk Most medical terms can be deciphered by breaking them down to their roots: Mesial in or near the middle of the dental arcade Facio-Relating to the faceFacialPertaining to the face For each one the structure of the organs involved will be described and the way they function will be explained. Ur-, uro-, urono-Relating to urineUrinalysisExamination of urine Masti, mastro-Relating to the breastMastitisInflammation of the breast tissue -celeDenoting a swellingSialoceleSwelling of the salivary glandSwelling of the salivary gland Legal. McIlwraith CW(1). Instrument used to view the inside of the gastrointestinal tract, or within another organ. For a more complete listing of terms used in medicine for spatial orientation, please see the entry to "Anatomic Orientation Terms". Axial pertaining to or with respect to the axial skeleton (head, vertebrae, rib cage Ventral pertaining to the belly, abdomen, or underside of the body, opposite of dorsal -blastDesignates a cell or structureMyeloblastBone marrow cellImmature cell of the bone marrow Oblique slanted or inclined plane Published by Houghton Mifflin Company. Rhin-, rhino-Denoting the noseRhinoscopyVisual exam of the nose In the following chapters the systems of the body in the list above will be covered one by one. Meaning and definition of palmar: caudal surface of the manus (front paw) including the carpus (from the antebrachial joint distally) Click here to let us know! The veterinarians at Palmer Ranch Animal Clinic have been serving the Sarasota, Venice, and surrounding communities since 1991. Ant-, anti-AgainstAntibioticAgainst lifeDestructive of life -acPertaining toCardiacPertaining to the heartPertaining to the heart of, relating to, or located in or on the palm of the hand or to the corresponding part of the forefoot of an animal. -aseForms the name of an enzymeAsparaginaseEnzymeEnzyme that catalyzes the deamination of asparagine Unless otherwise noted, LibreTexts content is licensed by CC BY-NC-SA 3.0. For the dorsopalmar image, the patient is positioned on the table in ventral recumbency, with the carpus or manus of the affected limb positioned against the imaging cassette/detector to reduce magnification and geometric distortion. Neo-NewNeoplasmNew growth Sphygma-Denoting a pulseSphygmomanometerInstrument for measuring arterial blood pressure Laryngo-Pertaining to the larynxLaryngospasmSpasm of the larynxSpasmodic closure of the larynx (seen in cats) -opsyProcess of viewingNecropsyViewing of a deceased bodyExamination of a body after death. Note that we don’t use the terms superior and inferior for animals. Extra-Outside of; in addition toExtra-labelOutside of the labelUse of a drug in a way or for a purpose not specified on the label Trans-Across, through, beyondTransplacentalAcross the placentaThrough the placenta Epi-AboveEpidermisPertaining to the skin aboveThe outer layer of skin 1. Micr-, micro-Small in size or extentMicroscopicUnable to be seen by the naked eye IntestinesCecum, colon, duodenum, ileum, jejunum Palmar foot pain is a common cause of lameness. vet-Anatomy is a veterinary atlas of anatomy based on veterinary imaging (MRI, CT, X-Rays) and medical illustrations, designed and created by professional anatomists and veterinary imaging specialists. Poly-ManyPolydactylyMany digits This definition incorporates text from the book 'Anatomie comparée des mammifère domestiques' - 5th edition - Robert Barone - Vigot The other common and useful directional terms are listed below and shown in diagram 4.16. Staphyl-, staphylo-Resembling a bunch of grapesStaphylococcusA group of cocci Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract, A forecast of the probable course of a patients condition/disease, Condition of gulping air, filling the stomach with air, Likes color (takes up stain well, i.e. The affected limb is pulled cranially, placing the carpus, manus, or phalange… Jejuno-Pertaining to the jejunumJejunostomySurgically created an opening in the jejunum Medical Definition of Cranial. Alge-, algesi-, algo-Relating to painAnalgesiaWithout pain -graphA writing, a recordElectrocardiographRecord of electrocardiogramThe record produced by electrical tracings of the heart Stomato-Denoting the mouthStomatocyteRed blood cell with the appearance of a mouth Con-Together withConcussionTogether with blowViolent jar or shock that results in severe injury Ex-OutExciseTo cut outTo remove by cutting Bili-Pertaining to bileBiliaryPertaining to the bilePertaining to the bile, bile ducts, or gall bladder Palmar. Palmar: The "walking" surface of the front paw: There is a small cut on the left palmar surface: Plantar: The "walking" surface of the hind paw: The pads are on the plantar side of the foot Dextro-RightDextroversionVersion of the right, (i.e. by Blood and Saunders. Transverse separates body into front and back The eye is cranial to the jaw. -rhaphyMeaning suturing or stitchingGastrorhaphySurgical repair of the stomach by sutureSurgical repair of the stomach by suture -istOne who specializes inNephrologistPerson specializing in kidneysVeterinarian specializing in the study of kidneys Cyto-Denoting a cellCytologyThe study of cells Gaster-, gastr-, gastro-Pertaining to the stomachGastrotomyCut in the stomachSurgical incision into the stomach Arthro-Relating to a joint or jointsArthrodesisFusion of a joint The term used for animals, synonymous with autopsy (for humans). Caudal pertaining to the hind end or tail Steato-FattySteatitisFat inflammationInflammation of fatty tissue In-Not, in, inside, withinIngestaMaterial withinMaterial taken into the body by mouth Orchi-, orcho-Relating to the testesOrchiectomyRemoval of the testes On the palmar aspect lies the palmar carpal fibrocartilage, that provides attachment for some metacarpal bones. Cyclo-Pertaining to a cycleAcyclicWithout a cycle Palmar pertaining to the pads or bottom of the foot (as would be the human palm) Equine Vet J. Cranial pertaining to the head or cranium The direction and position of slices or sections through an animal’s body have their own terminology. UterusHystero-, metra Leido-, leio-SmoothLeiomyosarcomaSarcoma of the smooth muscle Endo-Within, innerEndocrineSecrete withinPertaining to internal secretions Plasmo-Relating to plasma or the substance of a cellPlasmacytePlasma cell Sagittal a plane or section parallel to the median plane of the body, separates body into right and left If the section is sliced crosswise it is called a transverse or cross section. Combining Forms: Di-TwiceDiarticularTwo jointsPertaining to two joints Author information: (1)Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523. Avulsion fractures occur most commonly in the metatarsophalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints with displacement of a fragment from one or more of the plantar (palmar) processes of the proximal phalanx. LipCheil-, labi- In order to describe structures in the body of an animal it is necessary to have a system for describing the position of parts of the body in relation to other parts. Karyo-Relating to a cell's nucleusKaryocyteNucleated cellNucleated cell Brady-SlowBradycardicSlow heartA slow heart rhythm Ad-Toward, nearAdductTo draw toward the medianMovement towards the median or central line We recommend Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary, second ed. Gloss-, glosso-Relating to the tongueHypoglossalUnder the tongue Glossary of veterinary terms . However, longitudinal tearing was present in 1 case and tearing was noted in the palmar aspect of the ligament in 2 other cases. Learn more. Encephalo-Denoting the brainEncephalitisInflammation of the brain VaginaVulvo, vaginal Below (seldom used in veterinary terminology) Cranial. Palmar-- directed toward the ground surface of the manus. Frontal plane that separates the body into top and bottom An-No, notAnemiaWithout bloodDecreased number of red blood cells (erythrocytes) or the amount of hemoglobin in the erythrocytes Celio-Denoting the abdomenCeliotomyIncision into the abdomen ... Erythema, macules, papules and/or vesicles in hairless or sparsely haired areas (scrotum, chin, perineum, palmar/plantar interdigital skin, ventral abdomen) (Fig. Nephr-, nephro-Denoting the kidneyNephrotoxinToxic to the kidney Hyper-Excessive, aboveHypertrophicPertaining to excessive foodIncrease in volume of a tissue or organ produced entirely by enlargement of existing cells (over nourishment) Gluco-Denoting sweetnessGlucosuriaGlucose in the urine Spasmo-Denoting a spasmSpasmodicPertaining to a spasm Idio-Relationship to one's self or something separate and distinctIdiopathicPertaining to a disease Pertaining to a disease with an unknown origin Frontal plane that separates the body into top and bottom We work at the intersection of animal, human and ecosystem health: training future veterinarians and scientists, improving the health of our animal companions, ensuring the safety of the food we eat and protecting the environment that we all share. However, even these are not completely straightforward especially when looking at diagrams of animals. -osisAbnormal conditionProptosisAbnormal forward placement of the eyeEyeball is either pushed forward in the eye socket or is partially out of the socket. At IMV imaging we employ over 100 people worldwide and we are always looking for new, enthusiastic people to join our team. Rostral pertaining to the nose The shredded fibres were trimmed in most cases and this allowed better definition of the amount of ligament considered to be torn. Brevi-ShortAbbreviateVery short, shortened Thrombo-Denoting a clot of bloodThrombocyteA cell specialized for forming clots AirPneumo Directional terms from anatomic position in dogs are more directly compared with the directional terms in humans when the human is in a quadruped position or the dog is in an upright stance posture. -ectomyExcisionLumpectomyExcision of a lumpExcision of a lump Veterinary terminology Glossary of veterinary terms . Paired collateral ligaments bridge the sides of the three main articulations. Oro-Relating to the mouthOronasalWhere the mouth meets the nasal passages Eso-InwardEsophagusStructure that brings the food inward Pedia-, pedo-Denoting a child or youngPediatricsPertaining to the study of the young/child -sisState of conditionPrognosisForethought of knowledgeA forecast of the probable course of a patients condition/disease Broncho-Relating to bronchiBronchioleSmall bronchiThe very small branches of the bronchi Contra-Against, proposedContralateralAgainst the sidePertaining to, situated on, or affecting the opposite side Diagram 4.16: The directional terms used with animals, Diagram 4.17: Transverse and longitudinal sections of a mouse. Spleen-, spleno-Denoting the spleenSplenomegalyEnlargement of the spleen Infra-BelowInfraorbitalPertaining to below the eyePertaining to below the eye 2. ChestThoracic, thorax, thoraco The most common directional terms are right and left. -icPertaining toGastricPertaining to the stomachPertaining to, affecting, or originating in the stomach RootMeaningExampleDefinition of Example This is the view you would get looking down on an animal lying on its back during surgery or in a post-mortem. movement of eyes to the right), Microscopic examination of tissue for disease (what you do to a biopsy), water on the brain (excessive fluid retention in the cranium), Separation or loosening of the iris from its attachments, Surgically created an opening in the jejunum, (inflammation and drying of the cornea and conjunctiva, Denoting membranes, covering the brain and spinal cord, Synonym for influenza virus (mucus virus), Pertaining to the area where the nose and pharynx meet, A form of spasm in which the head and tail are bent dorsally and the abdomen bent ventrally, Practice of correct function of the skeletal system, Pertaining to the study of the young/child, Combining form for the region between the anus and scrotum or vulva, The region between the anus and scrotum or vulva, The eating of cells or absorption of cells, Relating to plasma or the substance of a cell, Pertaining to the lungs/respiratory system, Pertaining to or emanating from the pupil, The distal aperture of the stomach or abomasums, Hernial protrusion of part of the rectum and colon, Situated in the left hemisphere of the brain, Red blood cell with decreased volume that is round and dense (not biconcave), Instrument for measuring arterial blood pressure, Instrument used to obtain an aural examination of the chest, Red blood cell with the appearance of a mouth, Production of a deformity in a developing embryo, Pertaining to the surface of the internal organs, Giving birth to living young which develop within the maternal body, A mild form of ichthyosis, excessive dryness of the skin. Sub-Under, nearSubmandibularUnder the mandibleUnder the mandible Omni-AllOmnivoreOne that eats allAnimal that eats both plants and meat (i.e. Ventral pertaining to the belly, abdomen, or underside of the body, opposite of dorsal Eyeball is either pushed forward in the eye socket or is partially out of the socket. 1992 Sep;24(5):367-71. Basic word structure: The lateral palmar process is the palmar extension of the parietal surface and palmar aspect of the distal phalanx. MouthOral, os, stoma, stomat- Pulmo-Denoting the lungPulmonary Pertaining to the lungs/respiratory system -logyProcess of studyZoologyThe study of animalsThe biological study of animals Pseudo-FalsePseudopregnancyFalse pregnancyFalse pregnancy Term. 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