James Simpson and Juan Carmona, Why Democracy Failed: The Agrarian Origins of The Spanish Civil War (Cambridge Studies in Economic History – Second Series), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2020. '” —Gabriel Jackson, Professor Emeritus of History, University of California, San Diego, USA “'Julián Casanova is one of Spain s leading historians. This paper will examine the background events leading up to the Spanish Civil War of the 1930s. Around 32,000 volunteers joined … However, if only it were so simple and clear cut. First Published 1999. [141], historical context leading to the Spanish Civil War. London, UK: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. The army acquired a taste for overthrowing governments – between 1814 and 1874 there were 37 attempted coups. At the same time, there were increasingly violent internal struggles between the various left wing parties themselves, as well as with the Falange, which had been founded in 1933. [97], On 26 September, the CEDA announced it would no longer support the RRP's minority government. La decisión del presidente de la República de llamar al poder a la CEDA era inatacable y hasta debida desde hacía ya tiempo. The English betrayed Catalonia in the Treaty of Utrecht (gaining Gibraltar and Menorca), the bourbon King Philip V abolished Catalonia’s rights. Report. [62][63] The constitution was reformist, liberal, and democratic in nature, and was welcomed by the Republican–Socialist coalition. [35] Elections to a constituent Cortes in June 1931 returned a large majority of Republicans and Socialists, with the PSOE gaining 116 seats and Lerroux's Radical Party 94. When did the Spanish Civil War happen? Throughout this century liberalism and traditionalism clashed and corruption was rife. The reforms that were made alienated the land-holding right. When did the Spanish Civil War happen? 184-220. The government's reluctance to declare martial law in response and a comment attributed to Azaña that he would "rather all the churches in Spain be burnt than a single Republican harmed" prompted many Catholics to believe that the Republic was trying to prosecute Christianity. The Spanish Civil War: A Very Short Introduction. [4] There were several attempts to realign the political system to match social reality. By Dr Peter Anderson. Between 1936 and 1939 over 500,000 people were killed in the Spanish Civil War so this cannot be considered a ‘little’ war that was overshadowed by the problems that were occurring in Europe during these years. President Niceto Alcalá-Zamora declined to invite the leader of the most voted party, Gil Robles, to form a government, and instead invited the Radical Republican Party's Alejandro Lerroux to do so. On July 18, 1936, the Spanish Civil War begins as a revolt by right-wing Spanish military officers in Spanish Morocco … : An analysis grid which moves towards linking and prioritising the various factors that caused World War One. They believed that the government favoured agrarianism and therefore failed to represent their interests. [104][105][106] In the occupied areas the rebels officially declared the proletarian revolution and abolished regular money. [111][112] About 1,000 workers were killed, with about 250 government soldiers left dead. To appease the military, the government outlawed negative comments about the military or Spain itself in the Spanish press. The Collapse of the Spanish Republic, 1933—1936: Origins of the Civil War. The new government inherited an economic mess, both from the massive debts from public spending projects and the collapse of the peseta as well as the world depression brought on by the 1929 Crash (sound familiar??). Supporters of the dictatorship attempted to block progress on reforming the economy. [5] Anarchists were easily defeated in clashes with government forces. 4 hours ago. [122] The Spanish historian Salvador de Madariaga, an Azaña's supporter, and an exiled vocal opponent of Francisco Franco asserted that: "The uprising of 1934 is unforgivable. Marina Ginestà at the top of Hotel Colón in Barcelona on July 21, 1936. [6] Twelve successful coups were carried out between 1814 and 1874. [92] The Socialist Party ruptured over the question of whether or not to move towards Bolshevism. The youth wing, the Federation of Young Socialists (Spanish: Federación de Juventudes Socialistas), were particularly militant. – The Moors entered Spain in 711 and left (reluctantly) hundreds of years later. When reading this document, you must formulate an answer to the following statement: Describe the extent of your country/countries’ involvement in the Spanish Civil War. [33] In the municipal elections of 12 April 1931, little support was shown for pro-monarchy parties in the major cities, and large numbers of people gathered in the streets of Madrid. [28] The UGT was brought into the government to set up industrial arbitration boards, though this move was opposed by some in the group and was seen as opportunism by anarchist leaders. 940–941, 943, 980–984 and Broué and Témime, The Revolution and the Civil War in Spain, pp. [41][53], In October 1931 The conservative Catholic Republican prime-minister Alcalá-Zamora and the Interior Minister Miguel Maura resigned from the provisional government when the controversial articles 26 and 27 of the constitution, which strictly controlled Church property and prohibited religious orders from engaging in education were passed. The Spanish Civil War took place in Spain between 1936 and 1939. The uprising consisted of military action between the existing republican government and a nationalist faction led by a military General called Francisco Franco. As a result, between 1931 and 1936 there were several uprisings, strikes, coup attempts, elections and an increasing polarisation between the various political parties, especially on the left. 372–373.For NKVD activity in Spain see D.T. Alejandro Lerroux of the Radical Republican Party (RRP) formed a government with the support of CEDA and rolled back all major changes made under the previous administration, he also granted amnesty to General José Sanjurjo, who had attempted an unsuccessful coup in 1932. His advocacy of anti-clericalism made him a successful demagogue in Barcelona. [125] The right began to plan how to best overthrow the Republic, rather than taking control of it. To complete and sustain this “united” Spain money, not food, was required and, as Beevor points out, Merino wool was the cash crop. 12th grade. An essay or paper on Origins of the Spanish Civil War. [102] However, in Asturias in northern Spain, it developed into a bloody revolutionary uprising, trying to overthrow the legitimate democratic regime. For peasant and working class [4] Those in favour of reforming Spain's government vied for political power with conservatives, who tried to prevent reforms from taking place. With the rebellion of 1934, the Spanish left lost even the shadow of moral authority to condemn the rebellion of 1936"[123][124][nb 8], In 1935 Azaña and Indalecio Prieto started to unify the left and to combat its extreme elements. BIG BANG – The birth of modern Spain and the astonishing rise of Spain as it was united and became the greatest power in Europe helped, of course, by its merciless conquistadors. Here, we dig into the matters surrounding the ignition of this destructive Spanish Civil War and major events in its timeline. 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