The throne passed to his brother John. He divorced her in 1162, apparently under pressure from the Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, who did not cherish Guelphish possessions in his home area and offered Henry several fortresses in Saxony in exchange. Henry's mother was Gertrude,[1] only daughter of the Emperor Lothair III and his wife Richenza of Northeim, heiress of the Saxon territories of Northeim and the properties of the Brunones, counts of Brunswick. The … Everyone and everything else is great too though: the acting’s all good, the music’s good, the sets are cool, and the dialogue is amazing. Henry III, byname Henry the Lion, German Heinrich der Löwe, (born 1129/30—died Aug. 6, 1195, Brunswick, Saxony), duke of Saxony (1142–80) and of Bavaria (as Henry XII, 1156–80), a strong supporter of the emperor Frederick I Barbarossa. Richard was buried according to his instructions. Corrections? Horrible Histories if you (owners) want to REMOVED this video, PLEASE CONTACT US DIRECTLY. He was exiled again in 1188. Henry II was fatally injured by the Count of Montgomery during a jousting tournament. When Frederick Barbarossa went on the Crusade of 1189, Henry returned to Saxony, mobilized an army of his faithful, and conquered the rich city of Bardowick as punishment for its disloyalty. …to his powerful Welf cousin Henry the Lion. Henry the Lion was the only son of Henry the Proud, duke of Saxony and Bavaria, and Gertrude, the daughter of the Holy Roman emperor Lothar III. [10] During World War I, a nail man depicting Henry the Lion, called Eiserner Heinrich, was used in Brunswick to raise funds for the German war effort. The Duchy of Bavaria was granted to an ally of Frederick’s, Otto von Wittelsbach. The lands of the two bishoprics of Cologne and Paderborn were given to the Archbishop of Cologne as the new Duchy of Westphalia; the eastern part of Saxony was given as a fief to a son of Albert the Bear of Brandenburg. Henry's allies deserted him, and he finally had to submit in November 1181 at an Imperial Diet in Erfurt. In May 1142 he recovered Saxony, one of the two duchies of which his father had been divested by Conrad III, the first Hohenstaufen German king. Henry VIII was born on the 28th of June 1491 in Greenwich, near London. [12], Henry the Lion on the coat of arms of Schwerin, Order of Henry the Lion, order of merit of the Duchy of Brunswick (awarded from 1834 to 1918), Henry the Lion's Fountain (1874), Brunswick, Eiserner Heinrich (1915), Braunschweigisches Landesmuseum, Brunswick. Nevertheless, to Richard's irritation, Celestine hesitated to excommunicate Henry VI, as he had Duke Leopold, for the continued wrongful … Henry initially shares his lack of courage by becoming terrified of meeting the combat and running away when their camp is attacked (Crane). Son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine, Richard was born in England but spent the majority of his life either fighting abroad or living in the duchy of Aquitaine.In 1173, he joined his brothers and mother in a … Shortly after his death, Henry the Lion became the subject of a folktale, the so-called Heinrichssage. Nationality: England Executive summary: King of England, 1189-99. There are two excellently written, acted and directed movies which deal with the adult life of Henry II. He was crowned with the ceremony held in Westminster Abbey. Not many know why Henry was called Henry The Lion, but there's a lion somewhere in Africa who is really miffed at not having a head or skin. But his main effort was directed toward expanding the Duchy of Saxony, especially in the lands beyond the Elbe. At the height of his reign, Henry ruled over a vast territory stretching from the coast of the North and Baltic Seas to the Alps, and from Westphalia to Pomerania. He did not consider these Italian adventures worth the effort, unless Barbarossa presented Henry with the Saxon imperial city Goslar: a request Barbarossa refused. Rather the thing that did him in was a battle over land with his former co-crusader: Philip II of France. Editor of. The real Henry V took the throne after the death of his father, Henry IV, in 1413, at the age of 26. Henry does not cheat his way to the honor that he so desperately craves when the novel opens; instead, he earns it. In 1172 he went on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem with a large following and was received with great ceremony by the Byzantine emperor Manuel I Comnenus at Constantinople (now Istanbul). The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, The fall of Henry the Lion (from Germany) -- Encyclopædia Britannica, Deposition of Henry the Lion. The first three were from the .303 rifle. William was not known as 'the Lion' during his lifetime but received this sobriquet because he had adopted the red lion rampant on a yellow field as his standard which later became the basis of the Royal Standard of Scotland. Please read description! Whilst heading home, Richard II encountered an Austrian Noble, Leopold, who he had a previous conflict with. Shortly after his death, Henry the Lion became the subject of a folktale, the so-called Heinrichssage. Born in 1519, the future Henry II married Catherine de Medici in 1533 when they were both 14 years old. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Like Henry the Lion, Alfonso was also absent much of the time in the long-running war to drive the Moors back from the huge tracts of Spain they had ruled for 700 years, and which would cost the life of Eleanor’s son. Their father Henry, who was the heir apparent, died in June 1152, a year before King David's death in May 1153. Henry the Lion (German: Heinrich der Löwe; 1129 – 6 August 1195) was a member of the Guelph dynasty and Duke of Saxony, as Henry III, from 1142, and Duke of Bavaria, as Henry XII, from 1156, which duchies he held until 1180. Richard Lionheart’s death was rather peculiar for a king of that time. A popular part of the tale deals with the Brunswick Lion. WikiMatrix. John Henry Patterson was an Irish adventurer, whose adventurous spirit took him from Africa to the Middle-East. The faithful lion then accompanies Henry on his return home. He broke with Frederick in 1176 and in consequence was deprived of most of his lands and was exiled twice (1181–85; 1189–90). The Heinrichssage details a fictional account of Henry's pilgrimage to the Holy Land. Henry did not replace him but decided to keep the position of Archbishop of Canterbury vacant. It was only after the Emperor intervened in 1168 that peace was restored in Saxony. Two days later Henry II died in Chinon, and Richard the Lionheart succeeded him as King of England, Duke of Normandy, and Count of Anjou. He was exiled from Germany in 1182 for three years, and stayed with his father-in-law in Normandy before being allowed back into Germany in 1185. German Nobility. Like Henry the Lion, Alfonso was also absent much of the time in the long-running war to drive the Moors back from the huge tracts of Spain they had ruled for 700 years, and which would cost the life of Eleanor’s son. The faithful lion then accomp… During Frederick’s second Italian campaign, Henry provided valuable assistance to the Emperor at the siege of Crema in 1160 and in the war against the Milanese cities in 1161. King Henry VIII died on January 28, 1547 and was laid to rest beside Edward’s mother, Queen Jane Seymour, at his request, possibly for the sole reason of having bore him the son he desperately desired. Henry was the son of Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, who died before Henry was born, and Margaret Beaufort, a descendant of Edward III through John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. On July 12, 1174, he did public penance at Canterbury. The Lion in Winter is a 1968 British-American historical drama film set around the Christmas of 1183, about political and personal turmoil among the royal family of Henry II of England, his wife Eleanor of Aquitaine, their children, and their guests.The film was directed by Anthony Harvey; written by James Goldman (based on his own play of the same name); produced by Joseph E. Levine, Jane C. Nusbaum, … He was one of the most powerful German princes of his time, until the rival Hohenstaufen dynasty succeeded in isolating him and eventually deprived him of his duchies of Bavaria and Saxony during the reign of his cousin Frederick I Barbarossa and of Frederick's son and successor Henry VI. To understand Richard’s thinking, we have to take into … Richard I, byname Richard the Lionheart or Lionhearted, French Richard Coeur de Lion, (born September 8, 1157, Oxford, England—died April 6, 1199, Châlus, duchy of Aquitaine), duke of Aquitaine (from 1168) and of Poitiers (from 1172) and king of England, duke of Normandy, and count of Anjou (1189–99). When Valdemar I, king of Denmark, conquered the island of Rügen, in the Baltic Sea, a long, drawn-out struggle broke out between him and Henry that lasted until 1171, when the dispute was settled and Henry’s daughter married Valdemar’s son. Henry died on 1 December 1135 after a week of illness. There was a general revolt of the baronage in England and Normandy, supported by Louis VII in France and William the Lion in Scotland. During Frederick's first invasion of northern Italy, Henry took part, among the others, in the victorious sieges of Crema and Milan. Eleanor had advocated for their sons to take up rule of her various holdings, giving Prince Henry rule over Aquitaine. Please read description! A participant in the 1147 Wendish … Henry the Lion, 1129–95, duke of Saxony (1142–80) and of Bavaria (1156–80); son of Henry the Proud Henry the Proud, c.1108–1139, duke of Bavaria (1126–38) and of Saxony Henry the Lion remains a popular figure to this day. Henry the Lion was a member of the Welf dynasty and Duke of Saxony as Henry III from 1142 and Duke of Bavaria as Henry XII from 1156 which duchies he held until 1180. His nickname was Heinrich der Löwe. In September 1156 Henry secured possession of the Duchy of Bavaria; Austria was subsequently separated from Bavaria and was given to Henry Jasomirgott and elevated into its own duchy. Henry's mother was Gertrude, only daughter of Emperor Lothair III and his wife Richenza of Northeim, heiress of the Saxon territories of Northeim and the properties of the Brunones, counts of Brunswick. and find homework help for other The Lion … But the Sicilian inheritance of Constance was another matter. In other words, Arthur was designated to be the heir to the English throne and was thus groomed to be king. Learn how and when to remove this template message, Henry the Lion. Despite the King’s pardon he was flayed alive and then hanged. Since Edward was still young at the time Henry passed away, he arranged a council of regency that would rule on Edward’s behalf. Shot in the shoulder by a crossbow bolt while observing the action, he appears to have died from a wound infection. In 1160 the bishopric of Oldenburg was also transferred to that city. In 1160 Schwerin became the seat of the bishopric of Mecklenburg and was granted the privileges of a city. Henry, however, did not relinquish his claims to his inheritance, and Conrad returned Saxony to him in 1142. [1] A participant in the 1147 Wendish Crusade,[1] Henry also reacquired Bavaria by a decision of the new Emperor Frederick Barbarossa in 1156. He had a terrible temper Professor of Medieval and Modern History, Christian Albrecht University of Kiel, West Germany. Although the bolt was removed, the … Although the bolt was removed and the wound was treated, infection set in, and Richard fell ill. Henry, on the other ha… The day following the ceremony at Canterbury, on 13 July, in a seeming act of divine providence for Henry II, William the Lion and many of his supporters were surprised and captured at the Battle of Alnwick by a small band of loyalists. Henry, who had refused to answer the charges in the king’s court, was deprived of his two duchies and of all imperial fiefs, in 1180. King Richard died at the age of 41 from this wound. One year after recovering Bavaria, Henry laid the foundations of the city of Munich by establishing a new market on the Isar River. (from Frederick I) -- Encyclopædia Britannica, MSN Encarta - Multimedia - Henry the Lion, Charter given by Henry to monastery Volkenroda, 31.1.1174, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henry_the_Lion&oldid=1021085319, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from January 2020, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles with BIBSYS identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SELIBR identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with Trove identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Eleanor of Bavaria (born 1178); died young, Ingibiorg of Bavaria (born 1180); died young, This page was last edited on 2 May 2021, at 20:29. After its master's death, the lion refuses all food and dies of grief on Henry's grave. At that time, Henry was at the zenith of his power. This can be a problem if you like almost all of the characters, like I did. Henry has four sons by his wife, Eleanor of Aquitaine. According to legend, Henry witnessed a fight between a lion and a dragon while on pilgrimage. Henry VI was aggrieved by the support the Plantagenets had given to the family of Henry the Lion and by Richard's recognition of Tancred in Sicily. Henry III, however, did not relinquish his claims to his inheritance, and Conrad returned Saxony to him in 1142. In 1147, Henry married Clementia of Zähringen, thereby gaining her hereditary territories in Swabia. Henry the Lion (1129-6 August 1195) was Duke of Saxony from 1142 to 1180, succeeding Albert the Bear and preceding Bernard II of Saxony, and Duke of Bavaria from 1156 to 1180, succeeding Henry XI of Bavaria and preceding Otto I of Bavaria.The most famous Welf, Henry the Lion was the nemesis of Hohenstaufen leader and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, and Henry … Henry the Young King (28 February 1155 – 11 June 1183) was the eldest surviving son of Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine.Beginning in 1170, he was titular King of England, Duke of Normandy, Count of Anjou and Maine.Henry the Young King was the only King of England since the Norman Conquest to be crowned during his father's reign, but was frustrated by his father's refusal to grant him … Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). He joins the lion in its fight and they slay the dragon. This scriptorium’s masterpiece is a Gospel book presented by Henry and his wife Matilda to Brunswick cathedral in 1173–75. Taking advantage of the hostility of other German princes to Henry, who had successfully established a powerful and contiguous state comprising Saxony, Bavaria and substantial territories in the north and east of Germany, Frederick had Henry tried in absentia for insubordination by a court of bishops and princes in 1180. The tale was later also turned into the opera Enrico Leone by Italian composer Agostino Steffani. Born in 1457, to Margaret Beaufort and Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond, Henry Tudor became, through his mother's side of the family, the leading claimant to the Lancastrian throne during the English civil war known as the War of the Roses. He bitterly resented Henry for failing to support him. Example sentences with "Henry the Lion", translation memory. In 1168, Henry married Matilda (1156–1189), the daughter of King Henry II of England and Duchess Eleanor of Aquitaine and sister of King Richard I of England.[1]. Allowed to retain his hereditary lands of Brunswick and Lüneburg, he was exiled for several years to the court of his father-in-law, Henry II of England. This marks a tremendous growth in Henry’s character. On route to Windsor, the funeral cortege stopped overnight at Syon House. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. The King died, exhausted by his work, his rebellious sons and his clever scheming wife, in 1189, aged only fifty-six. Henry was buried in Westminster Abbey next to his wife, Elizabeth of York. After years of fighting in the Holy Land, the warrior king Richard I would lose his life closer to home. He accompanied him with a large army on his first Italian campaign (1154/55) and, after Frederick’s coronation as emperor, suppressed a rising of the Romans. They are all pretty smart most of the time, but if one person is winning that means another person walked into a trap. We will(Respectfully) remove it. add example. Born in Ravensburg, in 1129 or 1131,[1] he was the son of Henry the Proud,[1] Duke of Bavaria and Saxony, who was the son of Duke Henry the Black and an heir of the Billungs, former dukes of Saxony. of Henry The Lion BY ALIZA COHEN-MUSHLIN THE Gospel Book of Henry the Lion is the most sumptuous manuscript produced in the twelfth-century scriptorium at Helmarshausen.1 It is prefaced by a dedicatory poem (fol.4v) praising the patrons, Duke Henry and his wife Matilda, and adding that, through Abbot Conrad II (c.1170-89), they com-missioned the book from Helmarshausen. After the problems caused by Anselem of Bec’s, Henry did not want further confrontation with the Church. Henry' Henry was at first able to maintain his position against Barbarossa in northern Saxony, but in the summer of 1181 he had to submit. Leopold captured the King and held him hostage. We will(Respectfully) remove it. His task was also made easier by the death in February 1194 of Tancred, who left as his heir a mere boy, William III. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. You really can’t lose here. He made Brunswick his capital, and, in front of the castle he had built, he erected the statue of a lion as a symbol of his family and a sign of his sovereignty. John Henry Patterson was an Irish adventurer, whose adventurous spirit took him from Africa to the Middle-East. King Richard died at the age of 41 from this wound. His father was the first Tudor king of England, while his mother was the daughter of Edward IV , the first Yorkist king of England. They are Becket (1964) with Peter O’Toole as … King Conrad III had dispossessed Henry the Proud, who had been his rival for the crown in 1138, of his duchies in 1138 and 1139, handing Saxony to Albert the Bear and Bavaria to Leopold of Austria. Henry VII died on 21 April 1509 at Richmond Palace in Surrey. WikiMatrix. Henry the Lion, 1129–95, duke of Saxony (1142–80) and of Bavaria (1156–80); son of Henry the Proud Henry the Proud, c.1108–1139, duke of Bavaria (1126–38) and of Saxony (1137–38). Henry was the founder of Munich (1157; München) and Lübeck (1159); he also founded and developed numerous other cities in Northern Germany and Bavaria, a.o. They separated in 1163 when her family tried to get better relations with the French king. The lady’s name was Eleanor of Aquitaine. Alfonso VIII of Castile and Eleanor of Plantagenet delivering Castle of Uclés to the Master (“magister”) of the … He died on July 10th, 1559. Well, unless you don’t like a lot of arguing, … King Henry II was buried Fontevraud Abbey ; Character of King Henry II: Clever, strong, determined and spirited. [3] By December 1172, he was back in Bavaria[3] and in 1174, he refused to aid Frederick in a renewed invasion of Lombardy because he was preoccupied with securing his own borders in the East. Even the princes of western Pomerania temporarily acknowledged Henry’s feudal sovereignty. Yet Henry II tricked the weakling Louis VII into handing over his young daughter, promising that she would marry Richard when she had come of age. His unit does not appear in the campaigns, but his portrait appears in the the Henry the Lion and The Lombard League scenarios of the Barbarossa campaigns. Henry's first … About. Henry the Lion, 1129–95, duke of Saxony (1142–80) and of Bavaria (1156–80); son of Henry the Proud Henry the Proud, c.1108–1139, duke of Bavaria (1126–38) and of Saxony Richard Cavendish | Published in History Today Volume 59 Issue 7 July 2009. The nobility of the kingdom supported the popular…, …the all-powerful duke of Saxony Henry the Lion (1142–95) and prepared in the abbey of Helmarshausen on the Weser River. Having spent most of his young adulthood in exile in France to In those years Henry also consolidated his position in Saxony by seizing the properties of several extinct dynasties without regard to the hereditary claims of other families. Henry the Lion is a cavalry hero available in the Scenario Editor in The Last Khans. On his return in 1185 he tried to regain his influence in Saxony. An image of Richard I and Saladin. 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