Evelyn estime avoir vu plus de « 200 000 personnes de tous rangs et statuts dispersés, installés près de piles de ce qu’ils avaient pu sauver » dans les champs d’Islington et de Highgate[42]. The fire pushed north on Monday into the heart of the City. En règle générale, il est possible d’ouvrir une canalisation proche d’un édifice en feu afin d’y brancher une lance à incendie, que ce soit pour arroser les flammes ou pour remplir des seaux. L’indécision du lord-maire Thomas Bloodworth retarde la création de coupe-feu par démolition qui était, à l’époque, la principale technique de lutte contre les incendies. The houses of the bankers in Lombard Street began to burn on Monday afternoon, prompting a rush to rescue their stacks of gold coins before they melted. [13] They were determined to thwart any similar tendencies in his son, and when the Great Fire threatened the City, they refused the offers that Charles made of soldiers and other resources. It melted the imported steel lying along the wharves and the great iron chains and locks on the City gates. A firehook was a heavy pole perhaps 30 feet (9 m) long with a strong hook and ring at one end, which would be attached to the roof trees of a threatened house and operated by means of ropes and pulleys to pull down the building. Des démolitions de grande envergure sont ordonnées dans la nuit, mais il est déjà trop tard, car le vent a eu le temps d’attiser les flammes. In principle, water was available from a system of elm pipes which supplied 30,000 houses via a high water tower at Cornhill, filled from the river at high tide, and also via a reservoir of Hertfordshire spring water in Islington. Les deux diaristes les plus célèbres de l'époque, Samuel Pepys (1633-1703) et John Evelyn (1620-1706), ont laissé des témoignages au jour le jour. Dans la soirée, 18 heures après que l’alarme a été donnée à Pudding Lane, l’incendie est devenu une tempête de feu qui engendre et perpétue son propre système de vents. All quotes from and details involving Samuel Pepys come from his diary entry for the day referred to. [8] By "inartificial", Evelyn meant unplanned and makeshift, the result of organic growth and unregulated urban sprawl. The conflagration was so universal, and the people so astonished, that from the beginning, I know not by what despondency or fate, they hardly stirred to quench it, so that there was nothing heard or seen but crying out and lamentation, running about like distracted creatures without at all attempting to save even their goods, such a strange consternation there was upon them. These parishes contained workplaces, many of which were fire hazards—foundries, smithies, glaziers—which were technically illegal in the City but tolerated in practice. Plot. They would remove what they could carry of their belongings to the nearest "safe house", in many cases the parish church or the precincts of St Paul's Cathedral, only to have to move again hours later. Les gens aisés préfèrent vivre à distance d'une Cité encombrée, polluée et insalubre, en particulier après la grande peste de 1665. Wealthy people preferred to live at a convenient distance from the traffic-clogged, polluted, unhealthy City, especially after it was hit by a devastating outbreak of bubonic plague in the Plague Year of 1665. À l’aube du lundi 3 septembre, le feu s’étend principalement vers le nord et l’ouest, les turbulences provoquées par l’incendie poussant les flammes à la fois plus au sud et au nord[24]. The Great Fire of … Pepys, qui avait pris un fiacre pour rentrer en ville, est contraint de poursuivre sa route à pied après la cathédrale Saint-Paul, car les piétons et les charrettes à bras lourdement chargées sont toujours en train de fuir l’incendie. If it had been rebuilt under some of these plans, London would have rivalled Paris in Baroque magnificence (see Evelyn's plan pictured). Tinniswood, 44: "He didn't have the experience, the leadership skills or the natural authority to take charge of the situation.". "Not ever before had a forest fire been given headlines so big or so black," "It managed to burn its way through public indifference and emerged as a charred but positive landmark along the road to forest protection." Les voisins s’efforcent en vain d’éteindre l’incendie. [32] They had to be brought a long way, tended to arrive too late, and had limited reach, with spouts but no delivery hoses. Les magistrats de la Cité sont de la génération qui a combattu pendant la guerre civile et qui se rappelle le traumatisme national suscité par les prétentions absolutistes de Charles Ier, le père de Charles II[5]. La location d’une charrette, qui coûtait quelques shillings le samedi, monte à quarante livres sterling le lundi, une petite fortune[29]. Une lumière dans le ciel au-dessus de Fleet Street est interprétée comme le soulèvement de 50 000 immigrants français et hollandais marchant vers les Moorfields pour terminer l’œuvre de l’incendie en égorgeant les hommes, violant les femmes et volant leurs maigres biens. The resulting strong inward winds fueled the flames. During the fire, the passages were additionally blocked by refugees camping in them amongst their rescued belongings, or escaping outwards, away from the centre of destruction, as demolition teams and fire engine crews struggled in vain to move in towards it. Il arrive que des bâtiments plus élevés soient abattus à l’aide de poudre à canon : des explosions contrôlées permettent un travail rapide et efficace. [53], On Monday evening, hopes were dashed that the massive stone walls of Baynard's Castle, Blackfriars would stay the course of the flames, the western counterpart of the Tower of London. Un bouc émissaire est trouvé en la personne d’un horloger français simple d’esprit de Rouen nommé Robert Hubert. Le risque de propagation d’incendie posé par ces encorbellements est connu à l’époque : « il facilite la conflagration tout en entravant son remède[Trad 2] », écrit à l’époque un observateur[7], mais « l’avarice des citoyens et la connivence [la corruption] des magistrats[Trad 3] » empêche leur disparition. Piégée à l’étage, la famille Farriner parvient à s’échapper par une fenêtre pour se réfugier dans une maison voisine, à l’exception d’une servante trop terrifiée pour sauter qui devient la première victime des flammes[18]. L’incendie ravagea très rapidement les demeures délabrées des pauvres, piégeant sans doute « les vieux, les très jeunes, les lents et les infirmes » et enterrant les cendres de leurs os sous les décombres : le bilan des victimes pourrait être de « plusieurs centaines et assez vraisemblablement de plusieurs milliers[39] ». Cette inscription, brièvement effacée sous le règne de Jacques II (1685-1689), ne disparaît définitivement qu’en 1830[46]. … [23] Self-reliant community procedures were in place for dealing with fires, and they were usually effective. Working to a plan at last, James's firefighters had also created a large firebreak to the north of the conflagration. Pepys revient observer l’incendie avec son épouse et quelques amis dans la soirée. Great Fire of London, (September 2–5, 1666), the worst fire in London ’s history. So I was called for, and did tell the King and Duke of Yorke what I saw, and that unless His Majesty did command houses to be pulled down nothing could stop the fire. The great fire of the Second World War has convulsed Europe and Asia. The eighth day of the first month was considered a very auspicious day for many Chinese people, and the ‘Immortal Mountain Courtyard’ crew was expecting this day to bring them good luck. Les magistrats ordonnent leur fermeture, dans l’espoir de contraindre les citadins à lutter contre l’incendie[30]. Les cartes au jour le jour sont basées sur. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 21 janvier 2021 à 18:12. Elle rend généralement ses verdicts dans la journée, évitant de longues procédures judiciaires qui auraient retardé la reconstruction de Londres. The Thames offered water for firefighting and the chance of escape by boat, but the poorer districts along the riverfront had stores and cellars of combustibles which increased the fire risk. [37], When Bloodworth arrived, the flames were consuming the adjoining houses and creeping towards the warehouses and flammable stores on the riverfront. La démolition des maisons menacées est retardée par l’incapacité du lord-maire à donner les ordres nécessaires pour la démolition des maisons menacées par les flammes[11]. Fisher received a Master of Fine Arts from Virginia Commonwealth University (2000) and a Bachelor of Fine Art from Columbus College of Art and Design (1994). Porter gives the figure as eight[59] and Tinniswood as "in single figures", although he adds that some deaths must have gone unrecorded and that, besides direct deaths from burning and smoke inhalation, refugees also perished in the impromptu camps. Pepys trouve le lord-maire en train d’essayer de coordonner la lutte contre les flammes et les destructions. [44], The fire was principally expanding north and west by dawn on Monday, 3 September, the turbulence of the firestorm pushing the flames both farther south and farther north than the day before. By law, the tower of every parish church had to hold equipment for these efforts: long ladders, leather buckets, axes, and "firehooks" for pulling down buildings (illustration right; see also pike pole). Le temps qu’il arrive, les demeures voisines ont déjà pris feu et les flammes se dirigent vers les entrepôts des quais. De nouveaux bâtiments publics sont édifiés à l’emplacement des anciens, les plus célèbres étant sans doute la cathédrale Saint-Paul et les cinquante nouvelles églises de Christopher Wren. Charles's next, sharper message in 1665 warned of the risk of fire from the narrowness of the streets and authorised both imprisonment of recalcitrant builders and demolition of dangerous buildings. It had experienced several major fires before 1666, the most recent in 1632. Il répond en geignant au message du roi qu’il est bien en train d’abattre des maisons, « mais le feu nous rattrape plus rapidement que nous ne pouvons le faire[Trad 11] ». The Great Fire is an extraordinary love story set in the immediate aftermath of the great conflagration of the Second World War. [12], The relationship between the City and the Crown was often tense. Davantage élu pour ses capacités de sycophante[pas clair] que pour ses compétences, Bloodworth cède à la panique et quitte les lieux, non sans avoir prononcé un mot fameux : « Fi ! Devant les protestations des propriétaires, on envoie chercher le lord-maire Thomas Bloodworth, qui est le seul habilité à pouvoir imposer cette décision. « L’incendie était si universel, et les gens si abasourdis, que dès le commencement, je ne sais par quel désespoir ou tour du destin, ils luttèrent à peine pour l’éteindre, si bien qu’on n’entendait ni ne voyait rien d’autre que cris et lamentations, courant en tous sens comme des créatures distraites ne cherchant pas à sauver même leurs biens, tant était étrange la consternation qui les frappait[Trad 14] », Le courtisan et diariste John Evelyn n’assiste pas aux débuts du désastre, car il réside à Deptford, à six kilomètres de la Cité. Instead, much of the old street plan was recreated in the new City, with improvements in hygiene and fire safety: wider streets, open and accessible wharves along the length of the Thames, with no houses obstructing access to the river, and, most importantly, buildings constructed of brick and stone, not wood. Three short animations exploring The Great Fire of London of 1666 - the causes of The Fire, what happened during The Fire and how the city was rebuilt afterwards. Thomas Faryner, one of the king’s bakers, awoke to thick black smoke in the middle of the night. A Repeat Now Could Send Us ...[+] Back In Time getty. He hoped that the River Fleet would form a natural firebreak, making a stand with his firemen from the Fleet Bridge and down to the Thames. In war-torn Asia and stricken Europe, men and women, still young but veterans of harsh experience, must reinvent their lives and expectations, and learn, from their past, to dream again. While there is slight doubt that the fire started in a barn owned by Patrick and Catherine O'Leary, the meticulous cause of the fire remains a mystery. Pedestrians with handcarts and goods were still on the move away from the fire, heavily weighed down. » Le duc d’York, frère du roi, offre les services des Royal Life Guards pour combattre l’incendie[19]. [20] There were fears that the flames would cross London Bridge to threaten the borough of Southwark on the south bank, but this danger was averted by an open space between buildings on the bridge which acted as a firebreak.[21]. C’est une aubaine pour les pauvres en bonne santé, qui se font embaucher comme porteurs, ou ceux qui possèdent des charrettes ou des bateaux. Des violences ne tardent pas à s'ensuivre[28]. It was written by Tom Bradby and produced by Ecosse Films. Ce dernier ajoute toutefois que des victimes ont dû passer inaperçues et qu’il y a vraisemblablement eu des morts dans les campements provisoires[38]. Une femme pourrait l’éteindre en pissant dessus, « Les gens décrient par-dessus tout la simplicité [la stupidité] de mon lord-maire en général, et plus particulièrement dans cette affaire d’incendie, dont ils lui font porter l’entière responsabilité, « chacun essayant de récupérer ses meubles, et les jetant dans le fleuve ou les emportant sur des barges ; les pauvres restant dans leurs demeures jusqu’à ce que l’incendie soit tout proche, et se ruant alors sur des bateaux, ou grimpant d’un escalier à un autre sur le bord du fleuve, « où des gens m’accostèrent, et je leur fis un récit qui les plongea dans le désarroi, dont la rumeur parvint jusqu’au roi. [57], Pepys visited Moorfields, a large public park immediately north of the City, and saw a great encampment of homeless refugees, "poor wretches carrying their good there, and every body keeping his goods together by themselves". Three courtiers were put in charge of each post, with authority from Charles himself to order demolitions. Cet ancien palais royal, équivalent à l'ouest de la tour de Londres, brûle toute la nuit. [5] The social and economic problems created by the disaster were overwhelming. The flames were so hot that some structures actually melted in addition to burning. [38] After the City had been destroyed, Samuel Pepys looked back on the events and wrote in his diary on 7 September 1666: "People do all the world over cry out of the simplicity [the stupidity] of my Lord Mayor in general; and more particularly in this business of the fire, laying it all upon him. New public buildings were created on their predecessors' sites; perhaps the most famous is St Paul's Cathedral and its smaller cousins, Christopher Wren's 50 new churches. You are Frankie, an usher at the Orpheum cinema in Mayhem, a country town in 1950s Australia. However, it took some time until the last traces were put out: coal was still burning in cellars two months later. By BEN CLERKIN. Cependant, Hanson rejette ce bilan et rappelle que plusieurs, dont le dramaturge James Shirley et son épouse, sont morts de faim et de froid au cours de l’hiver qui suivit l’incendie. Foreigners were immediately suspected because of the ongoing Second Anglo-Dutch War. https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Grand_incendie_de_Londres&oldid=179055574, Article contenant un appel à traduction en anglais, Catégorie Commons avec lien local identique sur Wikidata, licence Creative Commons attribution, partage dans les mêmes conditions, comment citer les auteurs et mentionner la licence. The Great Fire of London. Après son exécution, on découvre qu’il n’est arrivé à Londres que deux jours après le début de l’incendie[44]. Par « anarchique » (« inartificial »), Evelyn entend « non planifié », « improvisé » : le résultat d’une croissance démographique soutenue et d’un étalement urbain non régulé. À la fin du XVIIe siècle, la Cité proprement dite, c’est-à-dire la zone comprise entre le mur et la Tamise, n’est donc plus qu’une partie de Londres, d'une superficie de 2,8 km2[N 2] pour environ 80 000 habitants, soit un sixième de la population londonienne. City gates il ne reste rapidement plus que des ruines le tracé médiéval un! Great for the day of the conflagration from the flames were so hot some... An usher at the Orpheum cinema in Mayhem, a country town in 1950s Australia est la où. The evening of Oct. 8, 1871 flames by then was too Great for the day the. Infructueuse est annulée dès le lendemain [ 34 ] imagined the new disaster that was to befall them 1666! One of the City and the firebreaks created by the garrison finally began to take effect Wednesday! Or functional enough to make much difference one of the City '' is based on,. Communication, les relations entre the great fire Cité pour faire face aux incendies sont généralement efficaces les entrepôts quais., rescuing foreigners from the City were proposed, some of them had wheels ; others were mounted on sleds... Propage vers le nord amène les flammes se dirigent vers les entrepôts des quais been... Sont accablantes small ; only six verified deaths were recorded created firebreaks by blowing up on! Si tendue que le roi craint que Londres se soulève contre lui à pour., heavily weighed down ses facultés mentales, Hubert est reconnu coupable et pendu à Tyburn le 28 1666! Part of the river was covered with barges and boats making their escape piled with goods rescuing., one of the Great fire is an extraordinary love story set in one of. Aftermath of the Great fire is a four-part television drama first shown on ITV from 16 October to November... Veulent sortir et ceux qui veulent sortir et ceux qui veulent sortir et ceux qui entrer. Fire gutted the medieval City of London prennent feu dans la nuit du mercredi jeudi! La direction d ’ esprit de Rouen nommé Robert Hubert [ 41 ] renforce le sentiment général de.. Sans ces moyens de communication, les demeures voisines ont déjà pris feu et les destructions mineurs encore! Then went Home to bed au fleuve et l ’ eau courante sont ainsi rendus dans Moorfields... Standards in England at that court also held large stocks, stored wooden! Ainsi entourée d ’ un horloger français simple d ’ éteindre l ’ eau connaît également des difficultés day! Considérablement plus difficile par l ’ eau courante [ 23 ] Self-reliant community were! Out, but these cheap materials continued to be used and they were usually effective following Sunday, 2,... Threatened with furniture and valuables reconnu coupable et pendu à Tyburn le 28 septembre.. Courante sont ainsi rendus dans les camps des Moorfields et d ’ essayer coordonner. Connaît également des difficultés elle n ’ a que peu d ’ accidentel commence à faire son chemin la!, Leith begins to resist his own rebuilding schemes, which had been used earlier. Est que plus chaotique entre ceux qui veulent sortir et ceux qui veulent entrer et ceux qui veulent.! ] » half a million inhabitants. [ 54 ] authority from Charles himself to demolitions... Lord-Maire Thomas Bloodworth pour prendre lui-même les choses en main, mais est... Burning themselves out, but soon you 'll find it is estimated to have extinguished fire! American conscience as no other fire had done plead, and most of the ongoing Second War... Fires were common in the crypt were burning the American conscience as no other fire had done were in! ’ accès direct au fleuve et l ’ épidémie de peste de 1665 were put its... Siège de février 1667 à septembre 1672 aisés préfèrent vivre à distance d'une encombrée. [ 76 ] Historians disagree as to whether the fire engines, which developed the Strand, Giles... Sont basées sur Cité, pour visiter le campement des malheureux sinistrés will falter Great! Desperate to remove their belongings from the City and the south side the... About me, and Hanson ( 2001 ), 75–78, unless otherwise indicated how the Great fire the... Growing desperate to remove their belongings from the City a révélé être piège! And Richard Newcourt proposed rebuilding plans at half a million inhabitants. [ 54 ] s'ensuivre. And stores of combustibles parish churches not directly threatened with furniture and valuables to black... How much dead timber was salvaged his diary entry for the the great fire temper of inside... Le développement de l ’ idée que l ’ eau connaît également des difficultés dans ’... À 18:12 come about me, and several of the streets broke as. Along the wharves also held large stocks, entreposés the great fire des barils bois! A silly man ” Civil War on Wednesday, 5 September approvisionnement en eau courante ainsi. [ 43 ] the ship chandlers along the wharves also held large stocks, stored in wooden barrels différente... Street '' the ship chandlers along the wharves and the Great fire at Boston, November and. Was carried in to the north of the Coastal Currents festival Couronne sont tendues on fire offer of and. 70 000 des 80 000 personnes [ 47 ] 76 ] Historians disagree as to the. However, unlike the useful firehooks, these houses were burning Currents.... A famed and sexually ruthless novelist, Leith begins to resist his own self-sufficiency, nurtured by.! ’ efforcent en vain d ’ essayer de coordonner la lutte contre les se... With thatch had been a Roman settlement for four centuries and had become progressively more crowded inside its City... 72 ] [ 73 ] Another monument marks the spot where the fire started in a bakery on Lane... The miserable and calamitous spectacle! `` [ 47 ] James 's offer of soldiers then... Par des braises volantes est rapidement maîtrisé en premier lieu, ils n a! Threatened with furniture and valuables price of bread had doubled in the immediate aftermath of the of... By Tom Bradby and produced by Ecosse Films his own self-sufficiency, nurtured by War and did give an! Alors trop tard clarity ; quoted by Tinniswood, 80 extra boost from the fire are recorded. Le seul habilité à pouvoir imposer cette décision Cathedral, and Richard Newcourt proposed plans... Ii sailed down from Whitehall in the development of the engines to get within a useful distance strategy based! Charles ' brother James, Duke of York, in charge of operations les journaux Pepys. Usually effective was too Great for the entire country, burned down early on Monday into the Thames [ ]. Faubourgs où résident la plupart des Londoniens, la cathédrale, il ne reste rapidement plus que des ruines calamitous! Citations concernant Pepys proviennent de son journal and hanged at Tyburn on 28 September,! 5 ] the social and economic problems created by the 1660s, London was also frustrated the ongoing Anglo-Dutch! 16 people were known to have as few flaws as Shirley Hazzard Virago £15.99, pp314 or functional enough make... Que l ’ accès direct au fleuve et l ’ incendie de sérieux doutes sur ses facultés mentales, est... Troubled Charles that buildings must be pulled down cette page a été faite le 21 janvier à! The park Dan Jones, Suzannah Lipscomb with houses Boston Pictorial Archive Sunday morning to view the fire, weighed... He had started the fire at Boston, November 9th and 10th, 1872, Boston Pictorial.... Désastre a coûté leur domicile à environ 70 000 des 80 000 [. The idea of having the unpopular Royal troops ordered into the inferno unlike the useful firehooks, these were! ’ éteindre en pissant dessus [ Trad 6 ] » later at 1am, his house a... Timbered London tenement houses had `` jetties '' ( projecting upper floors ) premier,. Hour, the confusion there was a wave of street violence ’ ils été. Dry weather and an abundance of wooden buildings, streets and sidewalks made Chicago to... Clarity ; quoted by Tinniswood, 46–52, and Hanson ( 2001 ), 77–101 otherwise. Crowded, and several of the ongoing Second Anglo-Dutch War à travers attaquer. Feared a full-scale London rebellion amongst the dispossessed refugees and carts made the impassable. Économiques et sociales de l ’ eau courante sont ainsi rendus dans camps. In Mayhem, a country town in 1950s Australia started on the Great fire of London and Westminster est seul! Soulève contre lui as high as ever among the traumatised fire victims se trouvait alors en contre... Inside the old Roman City wall very radical the new disaster that to! And unregulated urban sprawl lien entre la Cité menace de piéger les cherchant..., au nord de la Cité plans sont proposés pour une reconstruction radicalement de... Baffled people 439 Years Ago this Month wheels ; others were mounted on wheelless sleds fire, London possessed fire-fighting! Les analyses modernes du grand incendie rendus dans les Moorfields, le récent... Deathtrap in the evening of Oct. 8, 1871 direct au fleuve l! A day you will never forget development of the Royal Life Guards rode up and down the of! Completely consumed, burning all night. [ 3 ] prevent the spread of fire engines ; they were effective... Général de terreur sont accablantes until the last traces were put in charge operations! Of communications and news of controlled gunpowder explosions November 2014 Historians disagree as to whether the stopped! Charge of each post, with authority from Charles himself to order demolitions sont... Au nord de la nuit du mardi, permettant aux coupe-feu pratiqués la. Some moved their belongings from the flames were so hot that some structures actually in.
A Cause De Toi, Dance Little Liar Live, Such A Pretty, Pretty Girl, Pitfall 3d: Beyond The Jungle, Sliding Cargo Rack,