Question 1. As different Slavic nationalities were attempting hard to gain independence, a situation of conflict arose because the Balkan states were now interested in extending their territorial limits. Question 23. They were autocratic and did not tolerate criticism and dissent and therefore imposed censorship laws to control what was said in newspapers, books, plays, etc. (ii) Most conservatives, however, were very much influenced by the changes initiated by Napoleon. Sardinia-Piedmont under its ruler King Victor Emmanuel II to unify the Italian states through war. Italy was divided into 7 states of which only 1-Sardinia and Piedmont was ruled by an Italian ruler. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe. It also meant the framing of constitution and formation of government through parliament. Under this code women were taken as minor as they were subject to the authority of fathers and husbands. They tried to create a sense of collective heritage, a common cultural past, as the basis of a nation. b) Count Camillo de Cavour: Cavour born in 1810 was an Italian statesman and a leading figure in the movement toward Italian unification. Nationalism no longer retained its idealistic liberal- democratic sentiment of the first half of the century. During this period, there was intense rivalry among the European powers over trade and colonies. Question 6. This results in the formation of folk dances like polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols. The main aim was to form a nation where there will be a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. Equality before law did not necessarily stand for universal suffrage. (iv) In Poland, nationalist feelings were kept alive through music and language. Prussia emerged as There was growth of many towns and a group of commercial classes emerged on the scene. Explain any three reasons. Answer: 1866-1871: Unification of Germany. The contractor fled with his family to a nearby village where he was not given shelter by anyone. Similarly, in Germany the female figure used for depicting Germany as a nation came to be known as Germania. Finally a treaty of Constantinople was signed in 1832 that recognized Greece as an independent nation (i) Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism. Transport and communication systems were also improved. The European powers entered into a rivalry with each other so as to establish their trade and colonies in the Balkan region. Various artists and writers also supported the Greek struggle against the Muslim empire. Germania is generally shown wearing a crown of oak leaves as the German oak stands for heroism. Question 3. Cultural movement. View Solution play_arrow; ... What statement is this caricature making? Explain with examples. Men without property and all women were excluded from political rights. Greece was under the Ottoman Empire since the 15th century. The system must accept sovereignty and a representative government. (ii) The French King – Louis Philippe (iii) Victor Emmanuel II (iv) None of these. Italians were scattered over several dynastic states as well as the multi-national Habsburg Empire. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe - It was France from where the concept of nationalism came into existence for the first time, with the French Revolution in 1789. Metternich once had described him as âthe most dangerous enemy of our social orderâ. Answer: So, in the end the nation- building process of Germany displayed the dominance of Prussian state power. Instead, they set up secret societies in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas. Even when the. They all stressed for the government elected by the people. Another uprising was seen in 1845 in Silesia. Though unification of nation took place in various parts of Europe but the idea of the nation or the nation- state as some scholars suggested is Great Britain. Regional dialects were discouraged and French became the common language of the nation. France lost the territories it had acquired under Napoleon. Romantic artists did not glorify reason and science. One such attempt of collecting folk tales was done by the Grimm brothers who had collected various folk tales by traveling to various places. In those areas where aristocrats were still in a powerful position, peasants had to face the burden of feudal dues. Name the fields in which Prussia brought major changes. Act of Union between England and Scotland. The parliament through a bloodless revolution grabbed power from the monarchy which gradually led to the emergence of a nation-state in Britain. Only for a brief period under the Jacobins did all adult males enjoy suffrage. How many states was Italy divided into during the middle of the nineteenth century? Men without property and women were excluded from this. How did the new middle classes in Europe view liberalism? e) The role of women in nationalist struggles: Large number of women had actively participated in various liberal movements over the years. All of them had different languages and were from different ethnic groups. Answer: These rivalries were very evident in the way the Balkan problem unfolded. The conservatives believed that established traditional institutions of state and society such as the monarchy, the Church, social hierarchies etc should be maintained as they were. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 Extra Questions and Answer History Chapter 1 Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Questions. Secret societies were established in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas. Answer: Thus Cound Camillo de Cavour played an important role to unit Italy. The ruling elite thought that they would get political dominance and economic development after unification of Italy. The concept of Nationalism supported by imperialism became a reason for Europeâs disaster in 1914. Although their attempt was suppressed by the combined forces of monarchy, a military that were supported by the landowners of Prussia known as âJunkersâ. How it is related to Europe and what was the dream of the Europeans? The Estates General that comprised of the clergy, the nobility and the commons was renamed the National assembly and was elected by a group of active citizens. In the eyes of the ruling elites of this region, a unified Italy offered them the possibility of economic development political dominance. VERY SHORT ANSWERS:- He abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues. Giuseppe Garibaldi (1807-1882) was an Italian general and nationalist. Its process includes. The members of these clubs believed in the ideals of liberty, equality and fraternity and rose to oppose and overthrow the French monarchical system and unshackle the middle and lower classes. Although Cavour was neither a revolutionary nor a democrat he played an important role in the unification of Italy. During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries artists tried to give a face to the nation. the scene of big power rivalry. Finally, the assembly was forced to disband with the help of troops. He wanted to see Italy as a single unified republic within a wider alliance of nations. Serfdom and manorial dues were abolished. What was the major issue taken up by the liberal nationalists? He brought many changes to make an efficient administrative system. The following events of French Revolution left deep impact on the people belonging to other parts of Europe: (i) The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens. Answer: Italy was divided into seven states during the middle of the nineteenth century. Even the peasants that lived in these areas were from different ethnic groups. Video Explanation of The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Part 4. New hymns, oaths and martyrs commemorated in the name of the nation. englishacademy.successcds.net. (i) Romanticism was a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment in Europe. In towns too, guild restrictions were removed. Napoleon was a great administrator. Later on he founded two more underground societies namely Young Italy in Marseilles and Young Europe in Berne. NCERT Book Solutions For Class 10 History Chapter 1 Rise of Nationalism in Europe Free PDF. In 1859, the state of Sardinia-Piedmont defeated the Austrians. Giuseppe Mazzini, a young revolutionary from Italy was a member of the secret society of the Carbonary. There were several reasons behind it. Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) who was a German Philosopher and Romantic favored that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people. Uniform laws for all citizens were formulated. “Napoleon had, no doubt, destroyed democracy in France, but in the administrative field he had incorporated revolutionary principles in order to make the whole system more rational and efficient.” Support the statement. Answer: He was perhaps the most celebrated of Italian freedom fighters. In this page, you can find CBSE Class 10 History Chapter 1 Extra Questions and Answers The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Pdf free download, NCERT Extra Questions for Class 10 Social Science will make your practice complete. French armies were welcomed in many places such as Holland, Switzerland, Brussels, Mainz, Milan and Warsaw but soon they turned hostile towards them as the French armies were oppressing them. His ultimate goal was to unite the German states into a strong German Empire with Prussia as its core. II. However, the illiterate Italian population remained unaware of Liberal-nationalist ideology. A new French Flag, a tricolor replaced the royal standard. Men without property and all women were excluded from political rights. NCERT Solutions⇒Class 10th⇒History⇒English Medium⇒Chapter 1. Write a short note on giuseppe garibaldi Share with your friends. Which factor helped in the formation of a nation-state in Britain? They started curbing down the activities against them. There were many reasons behind it. So, now we know about how the countries got unified and became nation states and also about personification of these states through female figures. OR CBSE Notes Class 10 Social Science History Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe by Experienced Teacher. Write a note on : (a) Guiseppe Mazzini (b) Count Camillo de ... uprisings both in 1831 and 1848 meant that unification of Italy could be possible through war under the king Victor Emmanuel II. While so many changes were taking place in Europe, one more thing happened there that made governments work towards the philosophy of conservatism. Answer: Explain any three ideas of liberal nationalists in the economic sphere. He never favored liberalism and democracy. At Frankfurt the tax was charged less as the Elle there was less whereas the tax charged at Nuremberg was more because the Elle there was more as compared to other regions. However but for the support of King Victor Emmanuel II of Sardinia and Piedmont, a unification would not have been possible. 2. https://www.studyrankersonline.com/44952/write-note-count-camillo-de-cavour The battle was fought between Napoleon and the forces of Britain and Prussia. For example, the Scottish were forced to not speak in their Gaelic language or wear their national dress and a large number of highlanders were forcibly driven out of their homeland. The north was under Austrian Habsburg, the center was under the Pope and the southern regions were under Bourbon Kings of Spain. As we know that the February revolution of 1848 in France had resulted in the removal of the monarch and the establishment of a republic with universal male suffrage. They had a view that following changes can strengthen the autocratic monarchies of Europe: So, with this point of view, representatives of the European powers such as Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria met in Vienna in 1815. ((w.adpushup = w.adpushup || {}).control = (w.adpushup.control || [])).push(k); Name the treaty of 1832 that recognised Greece as an independent nation? (ii) Prussia then took the charge of German unification. But all its efforts failed when the king rejected the offer. Question 25. The king of Sardinia-Piedmont, Victor Emmanuel II, was actively helped by his Chief Minister Cavour. The members of this society were the like- minded young men from Poland, France, Italy and the German states. The independence struggle of Greece began in 1821. However, the Napoleonic code went back to limited suffrage and reduced women to the status of a mirror, subject to authority of fathers and husbands. Question 7. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the population gradually increased in Europe. In 1707 the act of union came into being between England and Scotland. One was recovering an ancient national spirit and another was to create awareness about nationalism among the illiterate countrymen. The symbols of the new Britain- the British flag (union jack), the national anthem (God Save our Noble King), the English language were promoted and the older nations were left to survive as the subordinates. Well yes after becoming nation states, the countries began to extend their boundaries in order to increase their power and influence over the other regions of the world. Question 24. This was to be done through war. Explain the contribution of Giuseppe Mazzini in spreading revolutionary ideas in Europe. People of rural areas started migrating to the cities in search of work. Therefore the question here arises is as to how the idea of nationalism arose in these parts then? The western part of the land was farmed by tenants and small owners whereas the Eastern part and the land in central Europe was cultivated by serfs. A central ised administrative system was put in place and it formulated uniform laws for all citizens within its territory. Napoleon also introduced many reforms even in those territories which came under his control. Answer: Question 22. How did these revolutionaries work for their right of liberty? For example, there were Bohemians and Slovaks in the north, Slovenes in Carniola, Croats in the south, Roumans to the east in Transylvania. So, therefore various female allegories were invented by artists in the nineteenth century to represent the nation. For Justice is generally a blindfolded woman carrying a pair or weighing scales. The French revolutionaries took many steps to create a sense of collective identity among the French people. It is so because all of them were struggling to form independent nation-states and had a sense of collective national unity. These were those powers who had collectively defeated Napoleon and they met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. On 18th May 1848, 831 elected representatives gathered at Church of St. Paul to take their places in the Frankfurt parliament. The painting which we are going to discuss is one of the four prints made by Sorrieu. Dutch Republic, in Switzerland, Italy and Germany. What did he claim? What was the major change that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to French Revolution in Europe? Transport and communication systems were improved. Question 10. It was based on the following beliefs: (i) Conservatives believed that established, traditional institutions of state and society like the monarchy, the church, social hierarchies, etc. In 1861, Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed king of united Italy. The unification of Italy is the result of dedication, contribution & effort of 3 great leaders- Mazzini, Cavour & Garibaldi. Letâs check this. He set up a secret society called Young Italy in Marseilles to achieve his goals. During 1830s, Giuseppe Mazzini had tried to unite Italy. Answer: This means that it was ruled by an absolute monarchy. The educated liberal middle-class promoted the idea of national unity in Europe. Name the European powers which were involved in the Balkan conflict? European ideas of nationalism were not seen being repeated anywhere as people everywhere had their own concept of nationalism. He was known for his diplomacy. In 1831, an armed rebellion against Russian rule took place which was crushed. If a trader was travelling from Hamburg to Nuremberg in 1833 to sell his goods, he had to pay a customs duty of 5 percent at 11 custom barriers. Transport and communication systems were also improved. In 1852, he named Camillo Cavour as prime minister. The major change that occurred in the political and constitutional scenario due to the French Revolution in Europe was the transfer of power from autocratic monarchy to a democracy. What did conservatives believe? (ii) Romanticists chose folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances to popularise the true spirit of the nation. They were not aiming to follow the idea of imperialism. He was born in Genoa in 1807. What was the main intention behind ‘Treaty of Vienna of 1815’? Ans. A1- a) Giuseppe Mazzini: Giuseppe Mazzini was born in Genoa in 1807. In Europe the new middle class saw liberalism as freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law. The only common thing was that they had loyalty to the common emperor. During the 1830s, he put together a coherent programme for a unitary Italian Republic. Karol Kurpinski celebrated the national struggle through his opera and music, turning folk dances like the polonaise and mazurka into nationalist symbols. It introduced several changes. This proved to be suitable in the case of Poland. The anti-imperial movements that developed in many countries of the world were nationalist, in the sense that they all struggled to form independent nation-states, and were inspired by a sense of collective national unity, forged in confrontation with imperialism. What was the importance of the way in which they were portrayed? In 1860, they marched into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and drove out the Spanish rulers. He was a wealthy and educated Elite who could speak French much better than Italian. The main aim of the French revolutionaries was to establish a system based on equal prospects and freedom of speech. The conservative rule formed in 1815 was oppressive. Romantic artists did not glorify reason and science. Which values are associated with the French Revolution? He is considered, with Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, Victor Emmanuel II of Italy and Giuseppe Mazzini, as one of Italy's "fathers of the fatherland". Why was Zollverein formed? (ii) The revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny. d) Frankfurt Parliament: An all German assembly was formed that comprised of middle-class professionals, businessmen and prosperous artists. They focussed on emotions, intention and mystical feelings. Some of them were. Metternich described him as ‘the most dangerous enemy of our social order’. But the question here arises that after becoming a nation state did they continue to be liberal- democratic nation or turn into something else? 7. So now the question arises He became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. Some of them are-, Question 3. Answer: Question 4. It was due to the diplomacy skills of Cavour that allowed Sardinia-Piedmont along with France to defeat the Austrian forces in 1859. } During the middle of the nineteenth century, Italy was divided into seven states -Sardinia Piedmont, Lombardy, Venetia, Parma, Modena, Tuscany, Papal state and Kingdom of the Both Sicilies. They believed that the folktales collected by them can serve for the creation of German national identity. Question 21. Explain any three beliefs of the conservatism that emerged after 1815. (ii) It emphasised the notion of a united community enjoying equal rights under a constitution. It abolished the feudal system and freed peasants from serfdom and manorial dues. Napoleon also introduced many reforms even in those territories which came under his control. (ii) The fear of repression drove many liberal nationalists underground. There were some other reasons also behind their dislike of French army which are as follows: Chapter 5 - Print Culture and The Modern World. Q3- Who was Marianne and Germania? Though everyone was fighting for liberalism and the right to vote the issue of extending political rights to women was still controversial. Answer: This class was comprised of professors, school teachers, clerks and members of the commercial middle class. Question 5. Still, there were many parts in Europe that were not yet declared as independent nation-states. For that we have to first understand how the society at these places was divided and what were the issues faced by the common people. Question 1. Finally in 1801 Ireland was forcibly incorporated into the United Kingdom. It was hosted by Austrain chancellor Duke Metternich. Question 18. He became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. He led many successful campaigns during French revolutionary wars and was able to conquer vast parts of Europe. The Balkan people stressed on independence on the basis that they were once independent nationalities taken over by the foreign powers. Macedonia. Even in France when French revolution took place and people were granted the right of equality before the law, the right to vote was not given to everyone. The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 which reversed most of the changes that came in Europe during the Napoleonic wars (1799-1815). The demand for zollverein was first made by Prussia. Describe the process of unification of Germany. In 1861 Victor Emmanuel II was proclaimed as the King of unified Italy. Garibaldi led his volunteer forces in 1860 into South Italy and the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies and succeeded in winning the support of the local peasants in order to remove the Spanish Rulers (Bourbon). They demanded the nation-state based on parliamentary principles with a constitution, freedom of the press, and freedom of association. The help of both army and bureaucracy was taken and in the time span of seven years three wars were fought with Austria, Denmark and France. If we talk about Italy, it was divided into various parts. (Imp) (iii) French revolutionaries declared that it was their mission to liberate the peoples of Europe from despotism and help them to become nations. During the nineteenth century, this was a strong demand of the emerging middle classes. What is the Statue of Liberty? Question. He simplified administrative divisions in the. One such revolution was the educated middle classes of the European countries. One of the important reforms introduced by him was the introduction of Civil Code of 1804 or Napoleonic code. Write a short note on the Revolt of 1848 in Germany? How had revolutionaries spread their ideas in many European states after 1815? However, the illiterate Italian population remained unaware of Liberal-nationalist ideology. (i) Romanticism was a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment in Europe. The congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich. Chapter 1 The Rise of Nationalism in Europe Class 10 History Chapter, Chapter 2 Nationalism in India Class 10 History Chapter, Chapter 3 The Making of a Global World Class 10 History Chapter, Chapter 4 The Age of Industrialization Class 10 History Chapter, Chapter 5 Print Culture and The Modern World Class 10 History Chapter, Learn English Grammar in Hindi ( step by step) - Learn English Online Videos, English Writing Skills - Class 10, 12 Letter Formats, Email etc, Entrance Exams for Arts students after Graduation, List of Entrance Exams conducted by IGNOU. (i) In the early nineteenth century, Germany was a loose confederation of 39 states. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe - So, now we will have a look at the making of Nationalism in Europe. In his utopian vision, the peoples of the world were grouped as distinct nations, identified through their flags and national costume. The painting describes statue of Liberty as a female figure having torch of enlightenment in one hand and charter of man’s right in other hand. This resulted in a series of wars that ended up with the beginning of the First World War. In 1831, he was sent to exile for attempting a revolution in Liguria. During the years following 1815, the fear of repression drove many liberal-nationalists underground and therefore they took the issue of freedom of press. Your No1 source for They were mistreated by the contractor. Answer: Each region had different standards of weights and measures, So, it took a lot of time to calculate the duty. A new French flag, the tricolour, was chosen to replace the former royal standard. • In Britain, the formation of the nation state was not the result of a sudden upheaval but was the result of a long-drawn-out process. (i) Liberalism in the economic sphere stood for the freedom of markets and the abolition of state- imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital. The members of this society had a common way of life. It established equality before the law and secured the right to property. Poland was partitioned at the end of the eighteenth century by Russia, Prussia, and Austria. Many students and other members of educated middle-class from the different cities of Europe began setting up these clubs. Railways were developed that harnessed economic interests to national unification. Till now we have discussed that people in different parts of Europe wanted to have Liberal nationalism in their countries. Discuss the setbacks which led to the failure of the revolt of 1848. Each of these possessed its own currency, weights and measures. Who hosted this? Internal customs duties and dues were abolished and a uniform system of weights and measures was adopted. Nationalism is an ideology and movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation, especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation’s sovereignty over its homeland. Then comes France, with its tricolor flag and she is followed by Germany. It tried its best to unify Germany under the leadership of Friedrich Wilbem IV, King of Prussia. (b) Q.16. 10. Unification of Italy was a tough task and Mazzini, Cavour and Garibaldi played an important role in it-. should be preserved. Ireland also has a similar story. The payments made to the weavers by these contractors were reduced to a very low amount. They spoke French and their families most of the time had matrimonial alliances. A4- the nationalist feelings started developing during 1800s among the middle class Germans. The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly known as the Slavs. According to the business point of view, liberalism meant freedom of markets and abolition of various types of taxes on the movement of goods and capital. Ottoman Empire was formed at the end of the 13th century by Oghuz Turkish tribal leader Osman During the period of 1830-48, Europe witnessed great tension and unrest. So, on 4th June, a large crowd of weavers went to the contractorâs house with the demand for an increase in their wages. Answer: Different groups of society were facing problems for example the small businessmen such as the textile producers had to bear the brunt of tough market competition because of the cheap goods that were imported from England. Victor Emmanuel’s chief minister Cavour supported him wholeheartedly in this task. So, now we know that the conservatives had once again established the rule of monarchs in Europe but did it stop the revolutionaries from demanding liberty and nationalism? This brought about a sense of unity and equality among all. Question 8. In what sense the anti-imperial movements that developed in many countries of the world were nationalist? (V. Imp) Ottoman Empire was the Empire from which Greece took its independence. The formation of Britain was not the result of sudden revolution because of which it seems as the unification of Britain was very strange. The emphasis on vernacular language and the collection of various folktales, folk poems etc served two purposes at a time. They were highly intolerant towards criticism and disagreement. The Rise of Nationalism in Europe - Napoleon Bonaparte who had earlier acquired major parts of Europe was defeated in the Battle of waterloo in 1815. (i) There were many state imposed restrictions on the movement of goods, people and capital. It was an island that was inhabited by ethnic groups such as English, Welsh, Scot or Irish. A new British nation came into being which was largely dominated by the English Culture. Support the statement with suitable examples. He has shown shattered remains of absolutist institutions on the ground. Answer: Following this, the Polish language began to be used as a weapon of national resistance against Russian dominance. The Balkans was the region that was under the control of the Ottoman Empire. Local variations in this task after the failed uprisings in 1831, he was sent Siberia... Their influence over the Balkans thought of their struggles as attempts to win independence! Or government where the whole power is concentrated in the areas conquered by Napoleon, the rebellious nationalities in 1830... Tricolor flag only this, the culture and political institutions of Scotland were suppressed by the elected.! 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